Begdullaeva Uldaulet Khamidulla's - Age characteristics in learning foreign language
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BEGDULLAEVA ULDAULET KHAMIDULLA'S
Age characteristics in learning foreign language
Annotation: The effects of age on second language acquisition constitute one of the most frequently investigated and debated topics in the field of Second Language Acquisition. Two different orientations may be distinguished in age-related research an orientation aiming to elucidate the existence and characteristics of maturational constraints on the human capacity for learning second languages and an orientation purporting to identify age-related differences in foreign language learning often with the aim of informing educational policy decisions. Because of the dominant role of theoretically-oriented studies that aim at explaining age-related outcome differences between children and adults, it may be argued that research findings from naturalistic learing contexts have been somehow hastily generalized to formal learning contexts and the results of classroom research have been interpreted in the light of the assumptions and priorities of the former.
Keywords: age effects, children, language, learning settings
Learner is affected by many factors in the second language acquisition process The level of cognitive development, socio-economic and cultural background, and the ability to acquire a language, age, and motivation of the learner's can be expressed as the factors affecting second language acquisition. The competency of a learner's in his or her first language has a direct relationship with his or her age. Schooling and cognitive development are the other factors affecting the second language acquisition. In researches and studies made on second language acquisition, the learners who completed their first language acquisition have been found more successful in second language acquisition.
Learners' age has been identified by researchers no matter whether their particular orientation is theoretical or applied as one of the crucial issues in the area of second language (L2) acquisition. A learner's age is one of the unportant factors affecting the process of second language acquisition Colher (1988), expresses that successful language acquisition depends on the learner's age It is generally believed that younger learners have certain advantages over older learners in language learning The common notion is that younger children learn 12 easily and quickly in comparison to older children (Ellis, 2008: Larsen-Freeman, 2005, Mayberry & Lock, 2003)[1]
Learners' age has been identified by researchers no matter whether their particular orientation is theoretical or applied as one of the crucial issues in the area of second language (L2) acquisition. The effects of age have been the object of research predominantly in natural settings where the immigrants level of proficiency in the target language has been examined on the basis of their age of arrival in the L2 community. The results of comparing younger and older starters have consistently shown an advantage for those who arrived early in life over those who arrived at an older age.
In fact, the general opinion concerning the age at which children should begin learning a foreign language in schools is strongly influenced by findings obtained in naturalistic language learning settings, as the following quote from a teacher starting a young learners' programme in a British school illustrates:
"The bilingual children I have met over the years learnt their skills at a very young age. When a child arrives in school with no English they learn quickly." (Enever forthcoming)
This teacher's words clearly reveal the sources that have fed her belief. First of all. the situation of early bilingualism, where children usually learn their two languages in the family or in the environment, that is to say, in a natural setting. Similarly, the second sentence refers to the situation in which a child from a non-English speaking family is immersed in the target language in the school and in the environment, that is to say, it again refers to learning an L2 in a natural setting.
Another quote, this time from a parent of a young learner of English in Spain, illustrates the general opinion that children 'soak up languages like sponges: "The younger they are. the more they are like sponges, the more they absorb, the more they retain." (Torras, Tragant and Garcia 1997: 142)
As above, the idea about the way in which children learn languages corresponds to naturalistic language learning, that is, to learning that takes place in a context with unlimited access to quality input.[2]
Some of the individual characteristics that have been investigated in the effort to discover explanations for differences in learning outcomes. Influences of learners personalities, aptitude, learning styles, learning strategies and motivations were reviewed by Dornyei through comparing related researches in the last decades. He concluded by more specific, innate capacities that are available to the young children. It is most often claimed that the critical period ends somewhere around puberty, while some researchers suggest it could be even earlier Evidence was found that there may be multiple critical periods, related to different aspects of language learning Taking pronunciation for example, the ability to acquire the phonation patterns of a new language may end earlier than vocabulary comprehension.[3]
Age characteristics play an important role in learning a foreign language. Children and teenagers learn the language easily. Through interactive methods, games and songs, they learn faster and their brains are clear. It can be difficult for adults. They learn by interacting and talking with each other. And it takes more time to recover. But if a person wants to learn, tries, he will definitely learn faster and easier. If a person works on himself, he can achieve a high level of mastery of a foreign language. It depends on the person.
References
Begdullaeva Uldaulet Khamidulla's daughter was born on February 11, 2004 in Kanlikol district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Currently, he is a third-year student of Philology at Nukus Innovation Institute. Participated and coordinated several projects and webinars. Participated in online contests and won. Shokhida Yusupova's article was published in the Turkish anthology book "Uzbekistan's Leaders". Articles published in international magazines.
